Keywords
systemic scleroderma, paraneoplastic process, scleroderm-like syndrome, malignant neoplasms, diagnostics
How to Cite
Golovach, I., & Yehudina, Y. (2018). SCLERODERMA-LIKE PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME: RHEUMATOLOGY «OVERLAP» ONCOLOGY. The Practitioner, (3), 17-24. Retrieved from https://plr.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/28
Abstract
The article presents analysis of coexistence of systemic sclerosis, paraneoplastic reactions and malignant tumors. Immune reactions involved in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis can contribute to the development of cancer pathology, thus, patients with risk factors for this disease require careful monitoring of a possible neoplastic process. On the other hand, the symptoms of systemic sclerosis can be a mask for various types of malignant neoplasms. The differentiation between the idiopathic form of systemic scleroderma, scleroderm-like paraneoplastic syndrome, and the development of cancer on the background of autoimmune pathology causes many difficulties. Patients with systemic scleroderma, especially the elderly, with high disease activity, rapid progression and atypical flow, high antibody titer to autoantibodies, atypical capillaroscopic pattern should be subjected to more thorough diagnostic search and control for oncological pathology, especially if a patient shows signs and symptoms of both states.
References
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6. Benedek T.G. Neoplastic associations of rheumatic diseases and rheumatic manifestations of cancer // Clin. Geriat. Med. — 1988. — Vol. 4. — P. 333-355.
7. Bernal-Bello D., Garcíade T., Guillén-del Castillo A. et al. Novel risk factors related to cancer in scleroderma // Autoimmunity Rev. — 2017. — Vol. 16 (5). — P. 461-468.
8. Bielefeld P. Sclerodermie systemique et cancers: 21 observation et revue da la literature // Rev. Med. Interne. — 1996. — Vol. 17. — P. 810-813.
9. Botsios C., Ostuni P., Cozzi F. et al. Systemic sclerosis in a patient with recent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an unusual combination // Joint Bone Spine. — 2003. — Vol. 70. — P. 396-400.
10. Brinton L.A., Buckley L.M., Dvorkina O. et al. Risk of connective tissue disorders among breast implant patients // Am. J. Epidemiol. — 2004. — Vol. 160. — P. 619-627.
11. Brooks P.M. Rheumatic manifestations of neoplasia // Curr. Opin. Rheum. — 1992. — Vol. 4. — P. 90-93.
12. Butler R.C., Thompson J.M., Keat A.C.S. Paraneoplastic rheumatic disorders: a review // J.R. Soc. Med. — 1987. — Vol. 80. — P. 168-172.
13. Caldwell D.S., McCallum R.M. Rheumatologic manifestations of cancer // Med. Clin. North Am. — 1986. — Vol. 70. — P. 385-417.
14. Carsons S. The association of malignancy with rheumatic and connective tissue diseases // Sem. Onc. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 360-372.
15. Cavazza A., Caballeria L., Floreani A. et al. Incidence, risk factors, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: comparative analysis from two centers // Hepatology. — 2009. — Vol. 50 (4). — P. 1162-1168.
16. Cibere J., Sibley J., Haga M. Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy // Arthritis Rheum. — 1997. — Vol. 40. — P. 1580-1586.
17. Ciołkiewicz M., Domysławska I., Ciołkiewicz A., Klimiuk P.A., Kuryliszyn-Moskal A. Coexistence of systemic sclerosis, scleroderma-like syndromes and neoplastic diseases // Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. — 2008. — Vol. 118 (3). — P. 119-126.
18. D’Cruz D. Autoimmune diseases associated with drugs, chemicals and enviromen- tal factors // Toxicol Lett. — 2000. — Vol. 112-113. — P. 421-432.
19. DeCross A.J., Sahasrabudhe D.M. Paraneoplastic Raynand’s phenomenon // Am. J. Med. — 1992. — Vol. 92. — P. 570-572.
20. Derk C.T. Autoantibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis and cancer: a case- control study // J. Rheumatol. — 2003. — Vol. 30. — P. 1994-1996.
21. Dey D., Kenu E., Isenberg D.A. Cancer complicating systemic lupus erythematosus — a dichotomy emerging from a nested case-control study // Lupus. — 2013. — Vol. 22 (9). — P. 919-927.
22. Fragkioudaki S., Mayragani C.P., Moutsopoulos H.M. Predicting the risk for lymphoma development in Sjogren syndrome // Medicine (Baltimore). — 2016. — Vol. 95 (25). — e3766.
23. Goto M., Okawa-Takatsuji M., Aotsuka S. et al. Significant elevation of IgG anti-WRN (RecQ3 RNA/DNA helicase) antibody in systemic sclerosis // Mod. Rheumatol. — 2006. — Vol. 16. — P. 229-234.
24. Haga H.J., Eide G.E., Brun J. et al. Cancer in association with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis // J. Rheumatol. — 1993. — Vol. 20. — P. 1335-1339.
25. Hall T.C. Paraneoplastic syndromes: mechanisms // Semin. Oncol. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 269-276.
26. Hebbar M., Lassalle P., Janin A. et al. E-selectin expression in salivary endothelial cells and sera of patients with systemic sclerosis. Role of resident mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha // Arthritis Rheum. — 1995. — Vol. 38. — P. 406-412.
27. Higuchi M. Anticentromere antibody as a risk factor for cancer in patients with systemic sclerosis // Clin. Rheumatol. — 2000. — Vol. 19. — P. 123-126.
28. Hill C.L., Nguyen A.M., Roder D. et al. Risk of cancer in patients with scleroderma: a population based cohort study // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 2003. — Vol. 62. — P. 728-731.
29. Hrycek A., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M., Życiński P. Dyskusja związana z trudnościami diagnostycznymi w przypadku chorego z toczniem rumieniowatym układowym i następczo rozpoznanym rakiem płuc poprzedzonych zawodową ekspozycją na pył krzemowy // Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. — 2007. — Vol. 117. — P. 109-112.
30. Jimenez S.A. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Myth or reality? // J. Int.Soc. Matrix Biol. — 2016. — Vol. 1. — P. 51-55.
31. Kang K.Y., Yim H.W., Kim I.J. et al. Incidence of cancer among patients with systemic sclerosis in Korea: results from a single centre // Scan. J. Rheum. — 2009. — Vol. 38 (4). — P. 299-303.
32. Koch A.E., Halloran M.M., Haskell C.J. et al. Angiogenesis mediated by soluble forms of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 // Nature. — 1995. — Vol. 376. — P. 517-519.
33. Kong F.M., Anscher M.S., Murase T. et al. Elevated plasma transforming growth fac- tor-beta 1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of the tumor // Ann. Surg. — 1995. — Vol. 222. — P. 155-162.
34. Kyndt X., Hebbar M., Queyrel V. et al. Sclerodermie systemique et cancer. Recherche de facteur predictifs de cancer chez 123 patients sclerodermiques // Rev. Med. Interne. — 1997. — Vol. 18. — P. 528-532.
35. Laurent C., Delas A., Gaulard P. et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: two distinct clinicopathological variants with different outcomes // Ann. Oncol. — 2016. — Vol. 27 (2). — P. 306-314.
36. Lee P., Alderdice C., Wilkinson S., et al. Malignancy in progressive systemic sclerosis — association with breast carcinoma // J. Rheumatol. — 1983. — Vol. 10. — P. 665-666.
37. Mertz L.E., Corm D.L. Vasculitis associated with malignancy // Curr. Opin. Rheum. — 1992. — Vol. 4. — P. 39-46.
38. Naschitz J.E., Rosner I., Rozenbaum M. et al. Rheumatic Syndromes: Clues to Occult Neoplasia // Semin. Arthritis Rheum. — 1999. — Vol. 29. — P. 43-55.
39. Naschitz J.E., Yeshurun D., Abrahamson J. Arterial occlusive disease in occult cancer // Am. Heart J. — 1992. — Vol. 124. — P. 738-745.
40. Nathanson L., Hall T.C. Introduction: paraneoplastic syndromes // Semin. Oncol. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 265-268.
41. Pattanaik D., Brown M., Postlethwaite A.E. Vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) // J. Inflamm. Res. — 2011. — Vol.4. — P. 105-125.
42. Pearson J.E., Silman A.J. Risk of cancer in patients with scleroderma // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 2003. — Vol. 62. — P. 697-700.
43. Peters-Golden M. Incidence of lung cancer in systemic sclerosis // J. Rheumatol. — 1985. — Vol. 12. — P. 1136-1139.
44. Pineda V., Salvador R., Soriano J. Bilateral breast cancer associated with diffuse scleroderma // Breast. — 2003. — Vol. 12. — P. 217-219.
45. Querfeld C., Sollberg S., Huerkamp C. et al. Pseudoscleroderma associated with lung cancer: correlation of collage type I and connective tissue growth factor gene expression // Br. J. Dermatol. — 2000. — Vol. 142. — P. 1228-1233.
46. Roberts-Thomson P.J., Male D.A., Walker J.G. et al. Genomic instability in scleroderma // Asian. Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. — 2004. — Vol. 22. — P. 153-158.
47. Rosenthal A., McLaughlin J.K., Gridley G., Nyren O. Incidence of cancer among pa-tients with systemic sclerosis // Cancer. — 1995. — Vol. 76. — P. 910-914.
48. Rosenthal A.K., McLanghlin J.K., Linet M.S. et al. Scleroderma and malignancy: an epidemiologic study // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 1993. — 52. — P. 531-533.
49. Sakkas L.I. Cancer in families with systemic sclerosis // Am. J. Med. Sci. — 1995. — Vol. 310. — P. 223-225.
50. Sanchez-Guerrero J., Gutien’ez-Urena S., Daller A.V. et al. Vasculitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome: report of 11 cases and review of the literature // J. Rheumatol. — 1990. — Vol. 17. — P. 1458-1462.
51. Sela O., Shoenfeld Y. Cancer in autoimmune diseases // Semin. Arthritis Rheum. — 1988. — Vol. 18. — P. 77-78.
52. Shah A.A., Rosen L.C. Cancer and Scleroderma: A Paraneoplastic Disease with Implications for Malignancy Screening // Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. — 2015. — Vol. 27 (6). — P. 563-570.
53. Silver I., Heyes M.P., Maize J.C. et al. Scleroderma, fascitis and eosinophila associated with the ingestion of tryptophan // N. Engl. J. Med. — 1990. — Vol. 322. — P. 874-881.
54. Simon T.A., Thompson A., Gandhi K.K., Hochberg M.C., Suissa S. Incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis // Arthritis Res. Ther. — 2015. — Vol. 17 (1). — P. 212.
55. Soubrier M.J., Dubost J.J., Sauvezie B.J. POEMS syndrome: a study of 25 cases and a review of the literature. French Study Group on POEMS Syndrome // Am. J. Med. — 1994. — Vol. 97. — P. 543-553.
56. Szekanecz E., Andras E., Sandor Z. et al. Malignancies and soluble tumor antigens in rheumatic diseases // Autoimmun Rev. — 2006. — Vol. 6. — P. 42-47.
57. Szekanecz É., Szamosi S., Horváth Á. et al. Malignancies associated with systemic sclerosis // Autoimmun. Rev. — 2012. — Vol. 11 (12). — P. 852-855.
58. Tamby M.C. New insights into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis // Autoimmun. Rev. — 2003. — Vol. 2. — P. 152-157.
59. Wilton K.M., Matteson E.L. Malignancy Incidence, Management, and Prevention in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis // Rheumatol. Ther. — 2017. — Vol. 4 (2). — P. 333-347.
60. Winkelmann R.K. Lung cancer ad scleroderma // Arch. Dermatol. Res. — 1988. — Vol. 280 (Suppl). — S15-S18.
61. Wipff J., Allanore Y., Soussi F. et al. Prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in systemic sclerosis // Arthritis Rheum. — 2005. — Vol. 52 (9). — P. 2882-2888.
62. Zatuchni J., Campbell W.J., Zarafonetis C.J.D. Pulmonary fibrosis and terminal bronchiolar carcinoma in scleroderma // Cancer. — 1953. — Vol. 6. — P. 1147-1158.
2. Проценко Г.А. Паранеопластические синдромы в ревматологической практике // Укр. ревматол. журнал. — 2016. — № 63 (1). — С. 33-37.
3. Abu-Shakra M., Guillemin F., Lee P. Cancer in systemic sclerosis // Arthritis Rheum. — 1993. — Vol. 36. — Р. 460-464.
4. Banaś M., Kotulska A., Kucharz E.J. et al. Zmiany w narządzie ruchu jako pierwszy objaw ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej: opis przypadku // Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. — 2005. — Vol. 114. — P. 681-683.
5. Barnes J., Mayes M.D. Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: incidence, prevalence, survival, risk factors, malignancy, and environmental triggers // Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. — 2012. — Vol. 24 (2). — P. 165-70.
6. Benedek T.G. Neoplastic associations of rheumatic diseases and rheumatic manifestations of cancer // Clin. Geriat. Med. — 1988. — Vol. 4. — P. 333-355.
7. Bernal-Bello D., Garcíade T., Guillén-del Castillo A. et al. Novel risk factors related to cancer in scleroderma // Autoimmunity Rev. — 2017. — Vol. 16 (5). — P. 461-468.
8. Bielefeld P. Sclerodermie systemique et cancers: 21 observation et revue da la literature // Rev. Med. Interne. — 1996. — Vol. 17. — P. 810-813.
9. Botsios C., Ostuni P., Cozzi F. et al. Systemic sclerosis in a patient with recent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an unusual combination // Joint Bone Spine. — 2003. — Vol. 70. — P. 396-400.
10. Brinton L.A., Buckley L.M., Dvorkina O. et al. Risk of connective tissue disorders among breast implant patients // Am. J. Epidemiol. — 2004. — Vol. 160. — P. 619-627.
11. Brooks P.M. Rheumatic manifestations of neoplasia // Curr. Opin. Rheum. — 1992. — Vol. 4. — P. 90-93.
12. Butler R.C., Thompson J.M., Keat A.C.S. Paraneoplastic rheumatic disorders: a review // J.R. Soc. Med. — 1987. — Vol. 80. — P. 168-172.
13. Caldwell D.S., McCallum R.M. Rheumatologic manifestations of cancer // Med. Clin. North Am. — 1986. — Vol. 70. — P. 385-417.
14. Carsons S. The association of malignancy with rheumatic and connective tissue diseases // Sem. Onc. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 360-372.
15. Cavazza A., Caballeria L., Floreani A. et al. Incidence, risk factors, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: comparative analysis from two centers // Hepatology. — 2009. — Vol. 50 (4). — P. 1162-1168.
16. Cibere J., Sibley J., Haga M. Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy // Arthritis Rheum. — 1997. — Vol. 40. — P. 1580-1586.
17. Ciołkiewicz M., Domysławska I., Ciołkiewicz A., Klimiuk P.A., Kuryliszyn-Moskal A. Coexistence of systemic sclerosis, scleroderma-like syndromes and neoplastic diseases // Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. — 2008. — Vol. 118 (3). — P. 119-126.
18. D’Cruz D. Autoimmune diseases associated with drugs, chemicals and enviromen- tal factors // Toxicol Lett. — 2000. — Vol. 112-113. — P. 421-432.
19. DeCross A.J., Sahasrabudhe D.M. Paraneoplastic Raynand’s phenomenon // Am. J. Med. — 1992. — Vol. 92. — P. 570-572.
20. Derk C.T. Autoantibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis and cancer: a case- control study // J. Rheumatol. — 2003. — Vol. 30. — P. 1994-1996.
21. Dey D., Kenu E., Isenberg D.A. Cancer complicating systemic lupus erythematosus — a dichotomy emerging from a nested case-control study // Lupus. — 2013. — Vol. 22 (9). — P. 919-927.
22. Fragkioudaki S., Mayragani C.P., Moutsopoulos H.M. Predicting the risk for lymphoma development in Sjogren syndrome // Medicine (Baltimore). — 2016. — Vol. 95 (25). — e3766.
23. Goto M., Okawa-Takatsuji M., Aotsuka S. et al. Significant elevation of IgG anti-WRN (RecQ3 RNA/DNA helicase) antibody in systemic sclerosis // Mod. Rheumatol. — 2006. — Vol. 16. — P. 229-234.
24. Haga H.J., Eide G.E., Brun J. et al. Cancer in association with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis // J. Rheumatol. — 1993. — Vol. 20. — P. 1335-1339.
25. Hall T.C. Paraneoplastic syndromes: mechanisms // Semin. Oncol. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 269-276.
26. Hebbar M., Lassalle P., Janin A. et al. E-selectin expression in salivary endothelial cells and sera of patients with systemic sclerosis. Role of resident mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha // Arthritis Rheum. — 1995. — Vol. 38. — P. 406-412.
27. Higuchi M. Anticentromere antibody as a risk factor for cancer in patients with systemic sclerosis // Clin. Rheumatol. — 2000. — Vol. 19. — P. 123-126.
28. Hill C.L., Nguyen A.M., Roder D. et al. Risk of cancer in patients with scleroderma: a population based cohort study // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 2003. — Vol. 62. — P. 728-731.
29. Hrycek A., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M., Życiński P. Dyskusja związana z trudnościami diagnostycznymi w przypadku chorego z toczniem rumieniowatym układowym i następczo rozpoznanym rakiem płuc poprzedzonych zawodową ekspozycją na pył krzemowy // Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. — 2007. — Vol. 117. — P. 109-112.
30. Jimenez S.A. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Myth or reality? // J. Int.Soc. Matrix Biol. — 2016. — Vol. 1. — P. 51-55.
31. Kang K.Y., Yim H.W., Kim I.J. et al. Incidence of cancer among patients with systemic sclerosis in Korea: results from a single centre // Scan. J. Rheum. — 2009. — Vol. 38 (4). — P. 299-303.
32. Koch A.E., Halloran M.M., Haskell C.J. et al. Angiogenesis mediated by soluble forms of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 // Nature. — 1995. — Vol. 376. — P. 517-519.
33. Kong F.M., Anscher M.S., Murase T. et al. Elevated plasma transforming growth fac- tor-beta 1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of the tumor // Ann. Surg. — 1995. — Vol. 222. — P. 155-162.
34. Kyndt X., Hebbar M., Queyrel V. et al. Sclerodermie systemique et cancer. Recherche de facteur predictifs de cancer chez 123 patients sclerodermiques // Rev. Med. Interne. — 1997. — Vol. 18. — P. 528-532.
35. Laurent C., Delas A., Gaulard P. et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: two distinct clinicopathological variants with different outcomes // Ann. Oncol. — 2016. — Vol. 27 (2). — P. 306-314.
36. Lee P., Alderdice C., Wilkinson S., et al. Malignancy in progressive systemic sclerosis — association with breast carcinoma // J. Rheumatol. — 1983. — Vol. 10. — P. 665-666.
37. Mertz L.E., Corm D.L. Vasculitis associated with malignancy // Curr. Opin. Rheum. — 1992. — Vol. 4. — P. 39-46.
38. Naschitz J.E., Rosner I., Rozenbaum M. et al. Rheumatic Syndromes: Clues to Occult Neoplasia // Semin. Arthritis Rheum. — 1999. — Vol. 29. — P. 43-55.
39. Naschitz J.E., Yeshurun D., Abrahamson J. Arterial occlusive disease in occult cancer // Am. Heart J. — 1992. — Vol. 124. — P. 738-745.
40. Nathanson L., Hall T.C. Introduction: paraneoplastic syndromes // Semin. Oncol. — 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 265-268.
41. Pattanaik D., Brown M., Postlethwaite A.E. Vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) // J. Inflamm. Res. — 2011. — Vol.4. — P. 105-125.
42. Pearson J.E., Silman A.J. Risk of cancer in patients with scleroderma // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 2003. — Vol. 62. — P. 697-700.
43. Peters-Golden M. Incidence of lung cancer in systemic sclerosis // J. Rheumatol. — 1985. — Vol. 12. — P. 1136-1139.
44. Pineda V., Salvador R., Soriano J. Bilateral breast cancer associated with diffuse scleroderma // Breast. — 2003. — Vol. 12. — P. 217-219.
45. Querfeld C., Sollberg S., Huerkamp C. et al. Pseudoscleroderma associated with lung cancer: correlation of collage type I and connective tissue growth factor gene expression // Br. J. Dermatol. — 2000. — Vol. 142. — P. 1228-1233.
46. Roberts-Thomson P.J., Male D.A., Walker J.G. et al. Genomic instability in scleroderma // Asian. Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. — 2004. — Vol. 22. — P. 153-158.
47. Rosenthal A., McLaughlin J.K., Gridley G., Nyren O. Incidence of cancer among pa-tients with systemic sclerosis // Cancer. — 1995. — Vol. 76. — P. 910-914.
48. Rosenthal A.K., McLanghlin J.K., Linet M.S. et al. Scleroderma and malignancy: an epidemiologic study // Ann. Rheum. Dis. — 1993. — 52. — P. 531-533.
49. Sakkas L.I. Cancer in families with systemic sclerosis // Am. J. Med. Sci. — 1995. — Vol. 310. — P. 223-225.
50. Sanchez-Guerrero J., Gutien’ez-Urena S., Daller A.V. et al. Vasculitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome: report of 11 cases and review of the literature // J. Rheumatol. — 1990. — Vol. 17. — P. 1458-1462.
51. Sela O., Shoenfeld Y. Cancer in autoimmune diseases // Semin. Arthritis Rheum. — 1988. — Vol. 18. — P. 77-78.
52. Shah A.A., Rosen L.C. Cancer and Scleroderma: A Paraneoplastic Disease with Implications for Malignancy Screening // Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. — 2015. — Vol. 27 (6). — P. 563-570.
53. Silver I., Heyes M.P., Maize J.C. et al. Scleroderma, fascitis and eosinophila associated with the ingestion of tryptophan // N. Engl. J. Med. — 1990. — Vol. 322. — P. 874-881.
54. Simon T.A., Thompson A., Gandhi K.K., Hochberg M.C., Suissa S. Incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis // Arthritis Res. Ther. — 2015. — Vol. 17 (1). — P. 212.
55. Soubrier M.J., Dubost J.J., Sauvezie B.J. POEMS syndrome: a study of 25 cases and a review of the literature. French Study Group on POEMS Syndrome // Am. J. Med. — 1994. — Vol. 97. — P. 543-553.
56. Szekanecz E., Andras E., Sandor Z. et al. Malignancies and soluble tumor antigens in rheumatic diseases // Autoimmun Rev. — 2006. — Vol. 6. — P. 42-47.
57. Szekanecz É., Szamosi S., Horváth Á. et al. Malignancies associated with systemic sclerosis // Autoimmun. Rev. — 2012. — Vol. 11 (12). — P. 852-855.
58. Tamby M.C. New insights into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis // Autoimmun. Rev. — 2003. — Vol. 2. — P. 152-157.
59. Wilton K.M., Matteson E.L. Malignancy Incidence, Management, and Prevention in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis // Rheumatol. Ther. — 2017. — Vol. 4 (2). — P. 333-347.
60. Winkelmann R.K. Lung cancer ad scleroderma // Arch. Dermatol. Res. — 1988. — Vol. 280 (Suppl). — S15-S18.
61. Wipff J., Allanore Y., Soussi F. et al. Prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in systemic sclerosis // Arthritis Rheum. — 2005. — Vol. 52 (9). — P. 2882-2888.
62. Zatuchni J., Campbell W.J., Zarafonetis C.J.D. Pulmonary fibrosis and terminal bronchiolar carcinoma in scleroderma // Cancer. — 1953. — Vol. 6. — P. 1147-1158.
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