Keywords
Exhaled breath condensate, lipids, carbohydrates, surface-active properties, COPD
How to Cite
Makarevich, A. (2018). LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLITES CHANGES IN EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE AND BLOOD IN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The Practitioner, (4), 30-36. Retrieved from https://plr.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/40
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects the polyfunctionality of the lungs, the intensity and shifts of metabolic reactions. The aim was to investigate the changes of some lipid and carbohydrate intermediate metabolites as well enzymes as both in EBC and blood in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: EBC was collected from in-patients with CB (n=12) and mild-moderate-severe COPD (COPD1-2,3 — respectively) (n=49). We detected both in EBC and blood: total lipids (TL), phospholipids (TPhL) and cholesterol (TCL); free cholesterol (FCL) and etheric cholesterol (ECL), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), NH3, lactic acid (LA); activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) and adenylate kinase (AK), pyruvic (PvA), succinic (ScA) and oxaloacetic acids (OaA) as well as EBC surfaceactive properties (SAP). Results. Exhaled TL (eTL) were increased in CB, COPD1,2 vs. the control and then were decreased in COPD3 up to the control value. eTG were increased in COPD2,3 by 18% vs. the control while eFFA were reduced in COPD1,2,3 by 19% vs. the control. eTPhL were significantly enhanced in all groups without difference between them. SAP was significantly decreased in CB, COPD1,2 but more in COPD3 (by 50% vs. the control). NH3 level was significantly elevated both in EBC and blood vs. the control, but without difference between the groups. ScA in COPD1,2 both in EBC and blood exceeded the control more than 5 times while AK activity in EBC and blood was significantly reduced (by 1,3 times) in mixed COPD1,2 group. Conclusions: The changes of these metabolites and enzymes occurred more in EBC and less in blood plus did not correlate with COPD severity (excluding SAP).
References
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24. Syromiatnikova N.V., Gonczarova V.A., Kotenko T.V. Lung metabolic activity // St. — Petersburg (Russia): Medicine, 1987. — 162 p.
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26. Hunt J.F., Erwin E., Palmer L. et al. Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2002. — Vol. 165. — P. 101-107.
27. Effros R.M. Do low exhaled condensate NH4+ concentrations in asthma reflect reduced pulmonary production? // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2003. — Vol. 167. — P. 91-92.
28. Paget-Brown A.O., Ngamtrakulpanit L., Smith A., Bunyan D. Normative data for pH of exhaled breath condensate // Chest. — 2006. — Vol. 129. — P. 426-430.
29. Harding S.M. Gastroesophageal reflux as an asthma trigger: acid stress // Chest. — 2004. — Vol. 126. — P. 1398-1399.
30. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F. et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2004. — Vol. 351. — P. 1057-1067.
31. Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G., Ganas K. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2002. — Vol. 165. — P. 1364-1370.
32. Niimi A., Nguyen L.T., Usmani O. et al. Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough // Thorax. — 2004. — Vol. 59. — P. 608-612.
33. Ojoo J.C., Mulrennan S.A., Kastelik J.A. et al. Exhaled breath condensate pH and exhaled nitricoxide in allergic asthma and in cystic fibrosis // Thorax. — 2005. — Vol. 60. — P. 22-26.
34. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F. et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2004. — Vol. 351. — P. 1057-1067.
35. Borrill Z., Starkey C., Vestbo J., Singh D. Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in COPD // ERJ. — 2005. — Vol. 25. — P. 269-274.
36. Belov G.V. Methods of lung surfactant system study and its changes in different pulmonary pathology // Author’s abstract of dissertation on scientific degree of candidate of medical sciences. — Frunze (Russia). — 1987. — 20 p.
37. Chazova N.L. Lung surfactant condition in case of chest trauma // Author’s abstract of dissertation on scientific degree of candidate of medical sciences. — Perm (Russia). — 1982. — 21 p.
38. Juldashev K.J., Irmuchamedov R.A. Some aspects in the relationship between blood phospholipids, hemocoagulation and microcirculation in chronic bronchitis // Herald of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. — 1989. — № 2. — P. 34-37.
39. Montuschi P., Kharitonov S.A., Ciabattoni G., Barnes P.J. Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD // Thorax. — 2003. — Vol. 58. — P. 585-588.
40. Beurdena W.J., Harffb G.A., Dekhuijzenc P.N. et al. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids with different lung deposition on exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD patients // Respir. — 2003. — Vol. 70. — P. 242-248.
41. Kharitonov S.A., Donnelly L.E., Montuschi P. et al. Dose-dependent onset and cessation of action of inhaled budesonide on exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in mild asthma // Thorax. — 2002. — Vol. 57. — P. 889-896.
2. Daniel M.N., Fogg B.A., Brown T.P. et al. Using the inflammatory check device to measure the level of exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide in patients with asthma and COPD (The EXHALE Pilot Study): protocol for a cross-sectional feasibility study // J. Mir. Res. Protoc. — 2018. — Vol. 7. — e25.
3. Aldakheel F.M., Thomas P.S., Bourke J.E. et al. Relationships between adult asthma and oxidative stress markers and pH in exhaled breath condensate: a systematic review // Allergy. — 2016. — Vol. 71. — P. 741-757.
4. Gokham M.M., Garey K.W., Robbins R.A. et al. Collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate in humans // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2001. — Vol. 164. — P. 731-737.
5. Scheideler L., Manke H.G., Schwulera U. et al. Detection of nonvolatile macromolecules in breath: a possible diagnostic tool? // Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. — 1993. — Vol. 148. — P. 778-784.
6. Manolis A. The diagnostic potential of breath analysis // Clin. Chem. — 1983. — Vol. 29. — P. 5-15.
7. Horvath J., Hunt J.F., Barnes P.J. et al. Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions // ERJ. — 2005. — Vol. 26. — P. 523-548.
8. Kullmann T.I., Barta Z., Szili B. et al. Exhaled breath condensate pH standardized for CO2 partial pressure // ERJ. — 2007. — Vol. 29. — P. 496-501.
9. Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2001. — Vol. 163. — P. 1693-1722.
10. Esterbauer H. Estimation of peroxidative damage. A critical review // Pathol. Biol. (Paris). — 1996. — Vol. 44. — P. 25-28.
11. Lim M.Y., Thomas P.S. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and serum of COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer // Intern. J. Chron. Dis. — 2013. — ID578613.
12. Louhelainen N., Myllarniemi M.I., Kinnula R.V. Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and COPD: current and future perspectives // Intern. J. COPD. — 2008. — Vol. 3. — P. 585-603.
13. Reilly P.O., Bailey W. Clinical use of exhaled biomarkers in COPD // Ibid. — 2007. — Vol. 2. — P. 403-408.
14. Mutlu G.M., Garey K.W., Robbins R.A. et al. Collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate in humans // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2001. — Vol. 164. — P. 731-737.
15. Borrill Z.L., Roy K., Singh D. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in COPD // ERJ. — 2008. — Vol. 32. — P. 472-486.
16. Sidorenko G.I., Zabarovski E.I., Bestuzeva S.V., Levina D.I. Comparative study of the main components of surfactant fraction from lung extract and condensate of the exhaled air // The Second All-Union Congress of Laboratory Doctors. Abstracts. — Moscow (Russia), 1979. — P. 194-195.
17. Folch P., Lees M., Stanley C. A simple method isolation of total lipids from animal tissues // J. Biol. Chem. — 1967. — Vol. 226. — P. 497.
18. Morrison W. A fast and reliable method for the microdetermination of phosphor in biological materials // Analyt. Biochem. — 1964. — Vol. 7. — P. 218-228.
19. Duncombe W. The colometric determination of long-chain fatty acids in the 0.05-0.5 mmole range // Biochem. J. — 1962. — Vol. 833. — P. 6.
20. Bestuzeva S.V. Physico-chemical and biochemical study of vapor condensate of exhaled air: Methodical recommendations. — Minsk (Belarus), 1983. — 19 p.
21. Bestuzeva S.V. Clinical and biochemical study of non-respiratory function of lungs according to the exhaled air condensate in patients with lung diseases: Methodical recommendations. — Minsk (Belarus), 1985. — 19 p.
22. Makarevich A.E., Ivashkevich D.L. The importance of exhale air condensate in assessing the oxidant-antioxidant system in patients with COPD // Wiad. Lek. — 2003. — Vol. 16, № 1-2. — P. 19-23.
23. Nizovcev V.P., Gelfer A.F., Mednikov B.L. et al. Kinonogenesis, the state of lipid and amino-acid metabolism, microcirculation in patients with chronic bronchitis // In: Non-respiratory function of the lungs. — St. — Petersburg (Russia), 1988. — P. 47-52.
24. Syromiatnikova N.V., Gonczarova V.A., Kotenko T.V. Lung metabolic activity // St. — Petersburg (Russia): Medicine, 1987. — 162 p.
25. Majevski E.I., Grishina E.V., Okon M.S. et al. Anaerobic formation of succinate and resynthesis of ATP in mitochondria of rat tissues // In: Pharmacological correction of the hypoxic conditions. — Moscow, 1989. — P. 80-90.
26. Hunt J.F., Erwin E., Palmer L. et al. Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2002. — Vol. 165. — P. 101-107.
27. Effros R.M. Do low exhaled condensate NH4+ concentrations in asthma reflect reduced pulmonary production? // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2003. — Vol. 167. — P. 91-92.
28. Paget-Brown A.O., Ngamtrakulpanit L., Smith A., Bunyan D. Normative data for pH of exhaled breath condensate // Chest. — 2006. — Vol. 129. — P. 426-430.
29. Harding S.M. Gastroesophageal reflux as an asthma trigger: acid stress // Chest. — 2004. — Vol. 126. — P. 1398-1399.
30. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F. et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2004. — Vol. 351. — P. 1057-1067.
31. Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G., Ganas K. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. — 2002. — Vol. 165. — P. 1364-1370.
32. Niimi A., Nguyen L.T., Usmani O. et al. Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough // Thorax. — 2004. — Vol. 59. — P. 608-612.
33. Ojoo J.C., Mulrennan S.A., Kastelik J.A. et al. Exhaled breath condensate pH and exhaled nitricoxide in allergic asthma and in cystic fibrosis // Thorax. — 2005. — Vol. 60. — P. 22-26.
34. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F. et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2004. — Vol. 351. — P. 1057-1067.
35. Borrill Z., Starkey C., Vestbo J., Singh D. Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in COPD // ERJ. — 2005. — Vol. 25. — P. 269-274.
36. Belov G.V. Methods of lung surfactant system study and its changes in different pulmonary pathology // Author’s abstract of dissertation on scientific degree of candidate of medical sciences. — Frunze (Russia). — 1987. — 20 p.
37. Chazova N.L. Lung surfactant condition in case of chest trauma // Author’s abstract of dissertation on scientific degree of candidate of medical sciences. — Perm (Russia). — 1982. — 21 p.
38. Juldashev K.J., Irmuchamedov R.A. Some aspects in the relationship between blood phospholipids, hemocoagulation and microcirculation in chronic bronchitis // Herald of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. — 1989. — № 2. — P. 34-37.
39. Montuschi P., Kharitonov S.A., Ciabattoni G., Barnes P.J. Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD // Thorax. — 2003. — Vol. 58. — P. 585-588.
40. Beurdena W.J., Harffb G.A., Dekhuijzenc P.N. et al. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids with different lung deposition on exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD patients // Respir. — 2003. — Vol. 70. — P. 242-248.
41. Kharitonov S.A., Donnelly L.E., Montuschi P. et al. Dose-dependent onset and cessation of action of inhaled budesonide on exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in mild asthma // Thorax. — 2002. — Vol. 57. — P. 889-896.
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