Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The review presents up-to-date data on the role of smoking as one of the most significant risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and its complications. The components of tobacco smoke directly affect endothelial function, cause its dysfunction, initiate pathological arterial remodeling, and contribute to the progression of systemic manifestations of atherogenesis. Studies conducted in recent decades have demonstrated that smoking can also reduce the effectiveness of medications used to control blood pressure and lower cardiovascular risk. Smoking cessation is a mandatory prerequisite for the successful treatment of patients with AH.
References
Morgagni GB. De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis / GB Morgagni. Epist XVII. Typographia Remondiniana, Venetiis, 1761. 450 p. Wermelt, JA, and Schunkert H. Management der arteriellen Hypertonie [Management of arterial hypertension]. Herz. 2017;42(5): 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-017-4574-1
Demchuk, MB, Malanchuk NV, and Groshovyi TA. Retrospective Research of the Range of Combined Antihypertensive Drugs in Ukraine in 2022 Compared to 2015. Farmatsevtychnyi Zhurnal. 2022;5:12-22. https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.22.02
Hameed, A., and Malik D. Clinical study protocol on electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2024;25(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07876-y
Störk, T et al. Changes of diastolic function induced by cigarette smoking: an echocardiographic study in patients with coronary artery disease. Clinical cardiology. 1992; 15(2): 80-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960150205
Nawal M., et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Cigarette Smoking Among Medical Students of Quaid-E-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2023;15(10): e46459. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46459
Narkiewicz, K et al. Cigarette smoking increases sympathetic outflow in humans. Circulation. 1998; 98(6): 528-34. https://doi.org/10.1097/00045415-199901000-00004
Scherer, G. Carboxyhemoglobin and thiocyanate as biomarkers of exposure to carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide in tobacco smoke. Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the f the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie. 2006;58(2-3): 101-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. etp.2006.07.001
Marunych, RY, et al. The Role of Endothelium in the Regulation of the Aggregate State of Blood under Normal Conditions, in Atherosclerosis and Arterial Hypertension. Fiziolohichnyĭ Zhurnal. 2021; 67(3):87-99. https://doi.org/10.15407/fz67.03.087
Yanbaeva, DG et al. Systemic effects of smoking. Chest. 2007;131(5):1557-66. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-2179
Rosen, BD et al. Hypertension and smoking are associated with reduced regional left ventricular function in asymptomatic: individuals the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006;47(6): 1150-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.078