Features of the blood indicators of patients with coronavirus disease

Abstract

The coronavirus disease is considered a viral respiratory and vascular disease, since its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, mainly affects the respiratory and vascular systems. Patients with COVID-19 may have a number of laboratory abnormalities and thromboembolic complications. For a practicing doctors, it is important to understand at an early stage of diagnostic what consequences the disease will have for the patient, therefore, the study of changes in biochemical indicators provides doctor the important information for further management of the patient. Aims. The main purpose was to analyze the indicators of biochemical and general blood tests of patients with the initial detection of the coronavirus disease in the diagnostic laboratory. Material and methods. The material for the study was the blood of patients with COVID-19 when it was initially discovered that they had a confirmed infection by the PCR test method. In total, laboratory parameters of 58 people, aged from 20 to 65 years, were analyzed. The content of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, coagulogram parameters and general blood analysis were analyzed. The results. It was found that the content of C-reactive protein in women exceeded the norm by 281.8%, and in men by 377.2%. ESR was elevated in all patients. The content of D-dimer in women was on 71.09% higher than the norm and in men on — 195.37% higher than the norm. It was found that very high levels of D-dimer and C-reactive protein were correlated with each other in patients under 35 years old, and high values of these parameters were also observed in the age group of people older than 56 years, regardless of gender. It was shown that the level of fibrinogen in all patients was 36% higher than the upper limit of the norm. At the same time, the number of platelets, prothrombin index and time were within normal limits. The number of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils also remained normal. However, the level of rod neutrophils exceeded the upper limit of normal b y 70%. Conclusions. Therefore, in patients with coronavirus infection, there is an increase in the number of rod-shaped neutrophils against the background of abnormally increased C-reactive protein and D-dimer, increased ESR and fibrinogen. The highest values of D-dimer and C-reactive protein were characteristic of men up to 35 years old and people older than 56 years old, regardless of gender. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes remained within normal limits on average.