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Abstract
The number of disasters in the world is constantly increasing. Sudden, unexpected situations, accidents occur more often and can be accompanied by injury to people. Explosions and fires are fairly common accidents. Severe burn, traumatic, intoxication, somatic and psychogenic disorders are intricately intertwined and interact in the picture of lesions in full-scale disasters. At the same time, their course is influenced by other factors: mass, sudden exposure to high temperatures, a shock wave, and the influence of chemicals released during combustion. Burn injury is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine, making up a large specific weight in the general structure of traumatism, because according to the WHO, among all injuries, thermal damage ranks third in frequency and gives an extremely high percentage of mortality and disability. Mental disorders observed in burn disease can be divided into: disorders caused directly by burn injury and infectious complications (symptomatic psychoses — delirium, amentia, hallucinosis, etc.) and personal reactions to burn disease. In different periods of burn disease, there is a predominance of either psychogenic or exogenous types of disorders, as well as sometimes their layering one on top of the other. Localization of the burn plays an extremely important role in the development of psychopathological symptoms. In particular, despite the relatively small area of damage, face burns are accompanied by pronounced neurotic disorders. These disorders significantly interfere with the normal functioning of the individual in everyday family and social life, have a negative impact on the adaptability of mental and behavioral reactions. Quite often, against the background of the described disorders, various psychosomatic disorders develop, including psychosomatosis: hypertension, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, as well as corresponding functional disorders of various organs and systems of the body. In view of the presented data, it can be concluded that burn injury in a significant number of cases is a consequence of mental pathology of a non-psychotic register and requires, first of all, psychocorrective and not only surgical care.
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