Abstract
The article is dedicated to the methodology of prenatal gender selection and ethical aspects of their introduction. The main technology of gender determination in preimplantation period, in embryos and fetus are shown based on analyses of scientific publication. Medical and non medical causes of prenatal gender determination are taken. The justification of gender selection expediency aimed on prevention genetic diseases associated with X chromosom are given. Controversial ethical questions related to children balance in family and providing the advantages for certain sex using the modern diagnostic tools and selective termination of pregnancy are discussed. The international documents relevant to the defense on gender discrimination are considered.
References
2. Ковальова О.М. Основи біоетики та біобезпеки: підручник / ОМ Ковальова, ВМ Лісовий, ТМ Амбросова, ВІ Смирнова. К.: ВСВ «Медицина», 2016:126-137.
3. Микитенко ДО, Бадюк ВМ, Микитенко ВВ. Деонтологічні питання медико-генетичного консультування у контексті соціально-економічної моделі розвитку України. Економіка і право охорони здоров’я. 2019;1(9):17-27.
4. Agarwal A, Sayres LC, Cho MK et al. Commercial landscape of noninvasive prenatal testing in the United States. Prenat. Diagn. 2013;33:521-531.
5. Akolekar R, Beta J, Picciarelli G et al. Procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review and
meta‐analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45(1):16‐26.
6. Alfirevic Z, Navaratnam K, Mujezinovic F. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2017;9 10.1002/14651858.CD003252.pub2.
7. Allyse M, Minear MA, Berson E, et al. Non‐invasive prenatal testing: a review of international implementation and challenges. Int J Womens Health. 2015;7:113‐126.
8. Bayefsky M, Jennings B. Regulating preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the United States: The limits of unlimited selection. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
US; 2015:54-55.
9. Beauchamp Т, Childress J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 5th edition, New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
10. Bevilacqua E, Ordóñez E, Hurtado I et al. Screening for Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy by Cell-Free DNA Testing: Patient Choice and Performance Fetal Diagn
Ther. 2018;44:98-104. https://doi.org/10.1159/000479507
11. Bin Yu, Bei-Yi Lu, Bin Zhang et al. Overall evaluation of the clinical value of prenatal screening for fetal-free DNA in maternal blood Medicine (Baltimore).
2017;96(27): e7114.
12. Borooah V, Iyer S. Religion and fertility in India: the role of son preference and daughter aversion. 2004.10.17863/CAM.
13. Bowman‐Smart H, Savulescu J, Gyngell C et al. Sex selection and non‐invasive prenatal testing: A review of current practices, evidence, and ethical issues
Prenatal diagnosis. 2020;40(4):398-407.
14. Choolani M, Mahyuddin AP, Hahn S. The promise of fetal cells in maternal blood. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;26(5):655-667.
15. Coffee K, Keith I, Albizua H et al. Incidence of fragile X syndrome by newborn screening for methylated FMR1 DNA. The American Journal of Human Genetics.
2009;85(4):503-514.